Arya Samaj is a reformist and revivalist Hindu movement founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati in 1875. The primary objective of Arya Samaj is to promote the principles of "Back to the Vedas" and to counter what its founder saw as the corruption of Hindu practices and beliefs over time. Here are key aspects of Arya Samaj:
1. Founding and Founder:
· Arya Samaj was founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati on April 10, 1875, in Bombay (now Mumbai), India.
2. Principles:
· The foundation of Arya Samaj is based on the ten principles outlined by Swami Dayananda, known as the "Ten Maxims" (Das Pratishthas). These principles include the rejection of idol worship, polytheism, and rituals not supported by the Vedas.
3. Vedic Authority:
· Arya Samaj emphasizes the authority of the Vedas as the ultimate and infallible source of knowledge. It encourages individuals to study and adhere to the teachings of the Vedas.
4. Rejection of Idol Worship:
· Arya Samaj strongly opposes idol worship and considers it contrary to Vedic teachings. The focus is on a formless, attribute-less, and omnipotent God.
5. Social Reforms:
· Arya Samaj has been involved in various social reform movements, advocating for the abolition of caste system, untouchability, child marriage, and other social evils. It promotes the idea of social equality and justice.
6. Promotion of Vedic Education:
· Arya Samaj places a significant emphasis on education, particularly Vedic education. It has established schools and educational institutions to promote Vedic studies.
7. Universal Brotherhood:
· Arya Samaj advocates for the idea of universal brotherhood and rejects any discrimination based on caste, creed, or gender.
8. Satyarth Prakash:
· Swami Dayananda wrote the "Satyarth Prakash" (The Light of Truth), a foundational text that outlines the principles and philosophy of Arya Samaj.
9. Sanskrit and Hindi:
· Arya Samaj promotes the use of Sanskrit and Hindi as mediums of instruction and communication.
10. Marriage Reforms:
· Arya Samaj advocates for Vedic marriage ceremonies and opposes practices like dowry. It conducts Vedic weddings that are simple and devoid of elaborate rituals.
11. Dispute Resolution:
· Arya Samaj has its own judicial system for dispute resolution, known as the Dharm Niyaya Adalats.
12. Spread and Influence:
· Arya Samaj has had a significant impact not only in India but also among the Indian diaspora. It has established branches and centers globally.
Arya Samaj played a crucial role in the socio-religious reform movements of the late 19th and early 20th centuries in India. It continues to be an influential force promoting Vedic principles, social reform, and education.
